Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon Classical crossed brain stem syndromes: myth or reality?.
inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome).
Classificationīrainstem stroke syndromes are most commonly classified anatomically. These syndromes are classically caused by ischemic strokes that occur secondary to occlusion of small perforating arteries of the posterior circulation, however many have also been described secondary to hemorrhage, neoplasm, and demyelination 1-5. The rule of 4 of the brainstem is a useful and simple clinical tool to aid in the anatomical localization of signs and symptoms in a brainstem stroke 6. Clinical presentationĮach brainstem stroke syndrome has a characteristic clinical picture according to the involved area, however, generally, there is ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss 1-5. The most common brainstem stroke syndrome seems to be the lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome) 1. However, therapy and careful planning can help to improve someone’s quality of life and may even enable them to return home to live with the support of their family.Although many different brainstem stroke syndromes have been classically described, the majority appear extremely rarely in the literature and are mainly for historical interest only 1. These can range from simple alphabet boards to more sophisticated electronic aids.įor many people with locked-in syndrome, the severe effects of their stroke remain. There are some types of assistive technology that can help someone with locked-in syndrome to communicate. It is important for others to use effective questioning skills – for example, avoiding open-ended questions and confirming answers by repeating questions where necessary.
#Brain stem stroke code
Rehabilitation may focus on any small voluntary movements that are available such as finger movement, swallowing and making sounds.Ĭommunicating with someone with locked-in syndrome speech and language therapist can help the person establish a code using eye movements or blinking to communicate. Someone with locked-in syndrome should have access to rehabilitation services. Because brain stem strokes are very serious, someone who recovers from a locked-in state may have severe disabilities. It can continue for years, but at a slower rate. Recovery is usually fastest in the first weeks and months after a stroke. They will have support for their health and wellbeing if they need help with functions like breathing, eating and hygiene. This includes any treatment they need for the stroke and the causes of stroke. Someone who has a serious stroke will get all the treatment and care they need to help them make the best recovery possible for them. There is no specific treatment or cure for locked-in syndrome.
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